The Nazis used repression to control the German people. DEPTH STUDY B: GERMANY, 1918–45

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] 'Jewish property was destroyed.'
2. [1-4] 'Jewish businesses were attacked and their windows broken.'
3. [1-4] 'Synagogues were attacked.'
4. [1-4] 'Jews were sent to concentration camps.'
5. [1-4] 'Jews were made to pay 1 billion Reichsmarks for the damage.'
6. [1-4] 'Synagogues were burned to the ground.'
7. [1-4] 'Many Jews tried to leave Germany after these events.'
8. [2-3] 'The Nazis thought that they were susceptible to indoctrination.'
9. [2-3] 'The Nazis wanted complete loyalty from young people.'
10. [2-3] 'The Nazis wanted strong young men for the army.'
11. [2-3] 'Young women were to breed the next generation of Nazis.'
12. [2-3] 'They wanted young people to support Nazi policies.'
13. [4-5] 'The Nazis wanted the support of young people so that they would grow up being loyal to Hitler and be completely indoctrinated with Nazi ideology. Young people would be the future of Nazi Germany and they were taught that they were part of the 'master race'. They were told they were physically and intellectually superior to the Jews and this meant they were more likely to support Nazi policies against the Jews.'
14. [6] Level 4 Explains TWO reasons (e.g., susceptibility to indoctrination and ensuring future loyalty).
15. [2-3] 'In 1933 the Ministry for People's Enlightenment and Propaganda was set up under Goebbels.'
16. [2-3] 'The Nazis controlled the radio, the press, the cinema and art.'
17. [2-3] 'Journalists were told what to write in their newspapers.'
18. [2-3] 'The Nazis made sure everybody could afford a radio so they could listen to propaganda.'
19. [2-3] 'The Nazis held public book burnings.'
20. [2-3] 'Massive rallies like the Nuremberg rallies were held.'
21. [2-3] 'Opponents such as Trade Unionists were locked up.'
22. [2-3] 'The SS and the Gestapo used fear and terror to win obedience.'
23. [4-6] 'Nazi propaganda was very effective. This is shown by the fact that many Germans supported the Nazi regime and there was little opposition. Germans were bombarded with propaganda in every part of their lives. There were Nazi posters and flags all over Germany as well as photographs of Hitler. In factories people had to listen to Nazi propaganda through radios and loudspeakers. Children were indoctrinated in school through the curriculum which supported Nazi ideas and many young people joined the Hitler Youth which again bombarded them with propaganda. Even music was used to encourage the right attitudes. It is not surprising that, under all this pressure, many Germans supported the Nazis.'
24. [4-6] 'Nazi propaganda did not win the support of the German people by itself. Other methods had to be used as well and these were based on terror and force. The SS ran concentration camps where any potential opponents were locked up and used as slave labour. The Gestapo spied on people using a network of informers and sent those arrested to camps without trial. Everybody was encouraged to inform on their neighbours. All this created an atmosphere of fear and mistrust. None of this would have been necessary if the propaganda had been effective.'
25. [7-9] Level 4 Explanation of both sides (A L4 answer will have a minimum of three explanations (2 on one side; 1 on the other). Fuller explanation of one issue to be given two marks. An answer which only has one explanation on one side of the argument cannot be awarded more than 8.)
26. [10] Level 5 Explains with evaluation of 'how far' (As Level 4 plus evaluation.)