The New Deal promised much to the American people.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] They said that parts of it like the AAA were against the constitution.
2. [1] It wanted welfare help to be given through the states and not by the federal government.
3. [1] Most of the judges were Republican and did not believe in the federal government intervening in people's lives.
4. [1] Many of the judges thought that people should stand on their own two feet.
5. [1] The judges said that the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional.
6. [1] The Supreme Court did not like the move from individualism to collectivism.
7. [6] Roosevelt's promises in the 1932 election greatly appealed to Americans due to the desperate situation caused by the Great Depression. Banks and businesses were failing, millions were unemployed and homeless, and widespread despair gripped the nation. Roosevelt's pledge of a 'new deal for the American people,' coupled with his confident and empathetic personality, offered a powerful message of hope. His reputation for helping the elderly and poor in New York State further solidified the public's belief that he could rescue them from the Depression and restore fairness to American society.
8. [1] They appealed to them because the American people were in such a desperate situation in the Depression.
9. [1] Roosevelt had a reputation for helping the elderly and the poor in New York State.
10. [1] Compared to Hoover he seemed full of hope for the future.
11. [1] Roosevelt had a warm friendly personality and filled people with hope.
12. [10] The Second New Deal (1935–36) does indicate the First New Deal had failed to fully address certain issues. The initial programs did not sufficiently tackle workers' rights, welfare, or the needs of the unemployed and poor, leading critics like Huey Long to highlight these shortcomings. The Second New Deal, by introducing measures such as defending workers' rights to unionize, establishing pensions for the elderly, and providing unemployment insurance, shows Roosevelt's recognition of the First New Deal's limitations in these areas. OR The introduction of the Second New Deal does not mean the First New Deal failed; rather, it was a success that laid the groundwork. The First New Deal implemented crucial programs that saved the banking system, reopened banks, provided emergency relief to the homeless and starving, created jobs through public works, and prevented widespread business bankruptcies. Programs like the AAA helped farmers, and the Tennessee Valley Authority brought significant regeneration. While it didn't solve every problem, it provided essential stability and relief during the worst of the Depression, making it a success in preventing total collapse.
13. [1] The banking system was saved.
14. [1] The homeless and those starving were helped.
15. [1] Jobs were created.
16. [1] Businesses were prevented from going bankrupt.
17. [1] The regeneration of the Tennessee Valley was a great success.
18. [1] There was still a lot of unemployment.
19. [1] Wealth was not re-distributed to the poor.
20. [1] Not enough was done to get rid of poverty.