Securing international support has been an important aim of the Palestinians.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] It was an uprising by Palestinians.
2. [1] It began in a refugee camp after an Israeli army truck killed four Palestinians.
3. [1] It consisted of strikes and civil disobedience.
4. [1] Palestinians refused to pay taxes or work in Israeli settlements.
5. [1] Stones and Molotov cocktails were thrown at Israeli soldiers.
6. [1] Israeli forces used violence against the protestors, including children.
7. [1] Over a thousand Palestinians were killed.
8. [1] King Hussein feared Israeli reprisals for PLO attacks from Jordan.
9. [1] Hussein felt he was losing control of parts of Jordan to the PLO.
10. [1] In September 1970, three hijacked planes were taken to Jordan.
11. [1] The British plane was blown up.
12. [1] Nine Israeli athletes were killed after being taken hostage at the Olympic Games in 1972.
13. [Level 3/4 explanation example] After the plane hijacking at Dawson's Field by Black September, King Hussein became concerned that his country would suffer a backlash from the West and Israel for supporting the PLO. He therefore ordered his army to remove the PLO from Jordan. Many Palestinian refugees lived in Jordan and they were forced to flee.
14. [1] Actions by the PLO in the 1970s gained massive world publicity.
15. [1] Arafat addressed the United Nations.
16. [1] At the UN, they were backed by African and Asian states.
17. [1] The PLO provided a voice for Palestinians.
18. [1] In 1988, the PLO accepted the existence of Israel.
19. [1] In the 1970s, they were considered as terrorists by the West.
20. [1] PLO actions often resulted in Israeli revenge attacks which escalated tension rather than encouraging peace.
21. [Level 3 explanation example - Arafat succeeded in achieving aims] In some ways Yasser Arafat succeeded in achieving his aims. He spoke at the United Nations and put forward the Palestinian view. He was received sympathetically by world powers. He established the PLO as an independent voice for the Palestinians rather than the Arab governments.
22. [Level 3 explanation example - Arafat failed to achieve aims] It is questionable whether Arafat achieved his aims. He did not appear to have total control over the PLO. It was divided, with some arguing that Israel should be destroyed. This led to terrorist attacks which damaged public opinion.