Society changed under Nazi rule.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) It was established in the 1920s.
2. [1] (a) It had separate sections for boys and girls.
3. [1] (a) The League of German Maidens was for girls.
4. [1] (a) Membership became compulsory in 1936.
5. [1] (a) The activities it offered were designed to turn boys into good soldiers.
6. [1] (a) Camping and military drill were included.
7. [1] (a) The activities for girls encouraged them to become good home makers.
8. [1] (a) It was designed to indoctrinate youth with Nazi ideas in race theories.
9. [1] (a) Members wore uniforms.
10. [1] (b) Most men had a job.
11. [1] (b) Public works schemes and rearmament gave people employment.
12. [1] (b) People were pleased that Germany was modernised with new roads.
13. [1] (b) The 'Beauty of Labour' improved working conditions.
14. [1] (b) The 'Strength through Joy' organisation gave rewards to workers.
15. [1] (b) Farmers were given support with their land and the prices of their crops.
16. [5] (b) Workers were happy with life under the Nazi regime because they were unlikely to suffer from unemployment as they had during the depression. Nazi policies such as rearmament, public works schemes to build autobahns and conscription meant there was enough work for everyone.
17. [1] (c) Women were encouraged to get married and have children.
18. [1] (c) There were financial incentives for married couples to have at least four children.
19. [1] (c) Women were encouraged to stick to the 'Three Ks'.
20. [1] (c) Traditional family values were emphasised.
21. [1] (c) The number of marriages and births increased.
22. [1] (c) Women were forced out of the professions.
23. [1] (c) Women resented restrictions on their freedoms.
24. [1] (c) Some women continued to work throughout the 1930s.
25. [1] (c) Women lost the vote.
26. [1] (c) From 1937, women were encouraged back into work.
27. [1] (c) In the late 1930s, women struggled with both work and family responsibilities.
28. [1] (c) German women could not serve in the armed forces.
29. [5] (c) The policy of encouraging women to give up their job, get married and have children was successful. The number of marriages increased from half a million in 1932 to three quarters of a million in 1934, while the birth rate increased from 15 to 20 per thousand from 1933 to 1939.
30. [5] (c) In some ways policies towards women were not a success. After 1937, the Nazi regime became increasingly contradictory in its attitude towards women. The increase in the birth rate required women's presence in the home. However, there was a shortage of labour and therefore women were increasingly required to return to work.
31. [10] (c) Explanation of both sides (Level 4, 7-9 marks) with evaluation of 'how far' (Level 5, 10 marks).