The Nazis attempted to control German society in many ways.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] A boycott of Jewish businesses/shops was organised.
2. [1] It took place in April 1933.
3. [1] SA men stood outside Jewish shops.
4. [1] Adverts were placed in the newspapers to tell people not to shop in Jewish stores.
5. [1] There were posters on the shop windows telling people to stay away.
6. [1] Jewish doctors' practices were also targeted.
7. [1] The newspapers gave people a list of businesses to avoid.
8. [1] The Star of David sign identified Jewish businesses.
9. [1] They were an opportunity to celebrate Nazi success.
10. [1] They reinforced the personality cult of Hitler.
11. [1] They encouraged loyalty and support for the Nazi regime.
12. [1] The people would listen to speeches from leading Nazis.
13. [1] They were a propaganda opportunity.
14. [1] They could demonstrate their organisational skills.
15. [1] They brought excitement to people's lives.
16. [1] They provided a sense of belonging.
17. [1] They were a form of control.
18. [1] They showed the power of the state.
19. [1] They thought they would be popular with the people.
20. [4-5] The Nazis organised mass rallies as they were an excellent propaganda opportunity to show the power and strength of the regime. People watched military bands, marches, flying displays and listened to speeches by leading Nazis. The rallies emphasised the order and dedication of the Nazis and how good they were for Germany, and thus reinforced support for the Nazi regime.
21. [1] Germans were controlled by the Gestapo.
22. [1] The SS carried out Hitler's policies.
23. [1] The media was controlled.
24. [1] Judges took an oath of loyalty to Hitler.
25. [1] Propaganda ensured people were controlled.
26. [1] Women were controlled by his policies.
27. [1] A school's syllabus was controlled by the Nazis.
28. [1] Hitler Youth groups controlled children.
29. [1] Employment opportunities helped to ensure there was little opposition.
30. [1] The Nazis were not in control of young people such as the Edelweiss Pirates.
31. [1] The White Rose movement opposed Nazi ideas.
32. [1] Members of the Swing movement were anti-Hitler.
33. [1] Pastor Niemöller opposed Nazi policies.
34. [1] There was criticism from Church leaders.
35. [1] The Kreisau Circle organised secret meetings against the Nazis.
36. [1] The Nazis had control of the state through their use of terror.
37. [7-9] The Nazis did have control over German society because they used the Gestapo to make people afraid of them and to keep them in line. The Gestapo had powers to spy on ordinary citizens by tapping telephones, intercepting mail and using information from informers. Most ordinary Germans were frightened to speak out against Hitler and the Nazis and so this meant there was little opposition to Nazi policies.
38. [7-9] The Nazis were not in control of all German people. There was still some opposition, although numbers were very small. For instance, the Kreisau Circle organised secret meetings to discuss how Germany would be governed after Hitler's removal. Their members included aristocrats and army officers. They were prepared to risk their lives to hold opposition meetings.