Section A: European option France, 1774-1814 Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question. Source A There is only one means of defence for you. That which I have recommended so many times: a general uprising and executions. Begin then by making sure of the king and the royal family: put them under a strong guard and let their heads answer for events. Follow this up by cutting off, without hesitation, the generals' heads, and those of the counter-revolutionary ministers and ex-ministers; those of the mayor and the anti-revolutionary municipal councillors. Then, put all the counter-revolutionaries in the National Assembly, all the known supporters of despotism, on the edge of the sword. I tell you again, this is the only way for you to save the country. Six months ago, five or six hundred heads would have been enough. Today, because you have stupidly let your enemies conspire among themselves and gather strength, perhaps we will have to cut off five or six thousand. But even if it needs twenty thousand, there is no time for hesitation. From an article written by Marat in December 1790. Source B You are no longer my king, no longer my king! You are nothing but a cowardly deserter. A king should be the father of the people, not its executioner. Now that the nation has resumed its rights it will not be so stupid as to take back a coward like you. You, king? You are not even a citizen. You will be lucky to avoid leaving your head on a scaffold for having sought the slaughter of so many men. I don't doubt that once again you are going to pretend to be honest and that, supported by those scoundrels on the constitutional committee, you are going to promise miracles. They would be prepared to stick the crown on the head of a monkey. But no, that will not happen! There is an outcry against you, 'No more kings!' This is what every citizen is shouting, and, besides, even if the Assembly want to pardon you all your crimes, what trust could now be placed in you? From an article in the radical journal ‘Le Père Duchesne' published in Paris, June 1791. This was after the King's failed Flight to Varennes. Source C [Figure: A French cartoon published in June 1791. The caption read, ‘The family of pigs being brought back to the farmyard'.] Source D The Society of Friends of the Rights of Man considers that a nation must do everything, either by itself or through removable officers chosen by it. The Society considers that no single individual in the state should possess enough wealth and power to be able to corrupt the agents of the political administration. It believes that there should be no employment in the state that is not accessible to all the members of that state. Convinced of the greatness of these principles, it can no longer close its eyes to the fact that monarchy, above all hereditary monarchy, is incompatible with liberty. We anticipate that such a proposition will give rise to a host of opponents. Nevertheless, this issue deserves serious debate by the legislators. They have already messed up the revolution once because of lingering regard for the illusion of monarchy. Let us, therefore, act without fear and without terror, and try not to bring it back to life. From a petition by the Cordeliers Club, July 1791. Answer both parts of the question with reference to the sources.