The Nazis had to use a range of methods to keep control of the German people.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Martin Niemoeller formed an alternative church, the Confessing Church, to the official Nazi Church.
2. [1] Dietrich Bonhoeffer was involved in a plot against Hitler.
3. [1] The Catholic Bishop Galen led protests against Nazi policies, especially the killing of disabled people.
4. [6] Level 4: Explains two reasons.
5. [4-5] Level 3: Explains one reason.
6. [5] The Roma were terribly persecuted in Nazi Germany. Five out of six Roma in Germany were killed by the Nazis. This was because of the Nazi ideas about race. Hitler believed the Germans were the master race and superior to other races. He especially thought that the Roma were an inferior race. He wanted to keep the German race pure and one way of doing this was to get rid of the Roma.
7. [2-3] Level 2: Identifies or describes valid reason(s); addresses the question but does not explain.
8. [1] Nazi racial beliefs saw them as a threat to German racial purity.
9. [1] They viewed the Roma as racially inferior.
10. [1] They viewed the Roma as lazy and not contributing to German society.
11. [1] The Roma were regarded as criminals and vagabonds.
12. [1] Level 1: Writes about the topic but does not address the question.
13. [1] The Roma were mistreated because the Nazis hated them.
14. [10] Level 5: Explains both sides and supports a valid judgement on 'how far'.
15. [10] The rallies were important in making people feel loyal to the Nazis. This was important because ruling by fear through the Gestapo could only achieve so much. The most effective way to control Germany was to win the loyalty of the people. The rallies helped to do this by making people feel they belonged and were part of something great and glorious.
16. [7-9] Level 4: Explains both sides.
17. [4-6] Level 3: Explains one side.
18. [6] The mass rallies were important. They were huge, especially the Nuremberg rallies. Hundreds of thousands of people attended. There were marches, bands, speeches and flying displays. People were caught up in the atmosphere and this helped to strengthen their loyalty to the Nazi state.
19. [6] OR There were many other important ways of controlling the German people. The Gestapo were the secret police and spied on people using informers and looking at people's mail. They could arrest people and send them to concentration camps without trial. The German people feared them a lot and so they were important in keeping them under control.
20. [2-3] Level 2: Identifies or describes valid points; addresses the question but does not explain.
21. [1] The rallies strengthened the personality cult of Hitler.
22. [1] The rallies gave people a sense of belonging.
23. [1] The rallies were spectacular events.
24. [1] The rallies showed the power of the Nazi state.
25. [1] The rallies were very well organised.
26. [1] Censorship was a means of control.
27. [1] Using radio, posters and newspapers to spread propaganda.
28. [1] The SS and the Gestapo controlled through fear.
29. [1] The Nazis took control of the courts.
30. [1] Concentration camps were used to remove opposition.
31. [1] Level 1: Writes about the topic but does not address the question.
32. [1] Mass rallies were very important to the Nazis, but they had many other ways of keeping people under control.