In the 1920s, old and new ideas clashed in the United States.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] It provided hundreds of thousands of people with well paid jobs.
2. [1] It helped create the boom in the USA.
3. [1] It was cheap to make and so many people could afford one.
4. [1] It led to people living in suburbs.
5. [1] It meant people could travel more and drive to holiday resorts.
6. [1] It demonstrated the great gap between the beliefs of town and country dwellers.
7. [1] It was damaging to Fundamentalists.
8. [1] It damaged the cause against evolution.
9. [1] It was over how much the bible should be believed literally.
10. [1] It was about people's strongly held religious beliefs.
11. [4-5] Explanation: The trial highlighted the fundamental disagreement over Darwin's theory of evolution, exposing the cultural divide between traditional, religious rural areas (literal Bible interpretation) and more scientifically open urban areas.
12. [1] It led to much gang violence.
13. [1] It made people break the law by making their own alcohol.
14. [1] Many people kept drinking by using speakeasies.
15. [1] It led to police, judges and government officials being corrupted.
16. [1] The amount of alcohol consumption did go down.
17. [1] In rural areas it was supported and was popular.
18. [4-6] Argument against achievement: Prohibition failed to stop drinking, instead fueling organized crime, gang violence, and widespread corruption among law enforcement and officials. It led to illegal production and speakeasies, making the USA more violent and criminal.
19. [4-6] Argument for achievement: Alcohol production and sales were banned for 13 years, with alcohol consumption falling by 30%. In many rural areas, it was popular and strictly enforced, leading to arrests and closure of illegal distilleries, thus reducing the damage alcohol inflicted on families.