The Nazis tried to control all parts of German society.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-4] (a) e.g. 'They were antisemitic laws.'
2. '(a) The laws were made up of two laws:'
3. '(a) A Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour.'
4. '(a) Reich Citizenship Law.'
5. '(a) They were created during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.'
6. '(a) It took away the rights of Jews.'
7. '(a) Jews were no longer German citizens.'
8. '(a) Marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden.'
9. '(a) It criminalised sexual relations between Germans and Jews.'
10. '(a) Only those of German blood could become citizens of Germany.'
11. '(a) They defined who was Jewish.'
12. '(a) The laws included Romani and black people.'
13. '(a) People who broke the marriage law were imprisoned.'
14. '(a) Jews were not allowed to employ German women under the age of 45 as maids.'
15. '(a) Jews got no help from the government in education and healthcare.'
16. [4-5] (b) They were important to the Nazis because they were internationally important with many countries sending athletes and the whole thing was filmed so it could be seen around the world. A massive new stadium had been built in Berlin and the idea was to show the whole world how modern, strong and successful Nazi Germany was.
17. [2-3] (b) e.g. 'They were propaganda to show how great Germany was.'
18. '(b) He wanted to show how superior the Aryan race was.'
19. '(b) It was to be used to show how modern and civilised Germany was.'
20. '(b) The new stadium was to show how wonderful Germany was.'
21. '(b) It was filmed so many people saw the events.'
22. '(b) He hoped that German athletes would win many medals.'
23. '(b) It was to impress foreign visitors.'
24. [4-6] (c) 'I think they did keep control of the German people. They did this by propaganda and terror. They used the SS and the Gestapo to spy on people and wipe out any opposition to them. Most people were so scared, they just obeyed. The Gestapo arrested people and sent them to concentration camps. People like communists and Social Democrats were sent there. Continuous propaganda through rallies, radio and the cinema meant that all people saw how great Hitler was. There was also massive censorship so no alternative views were expressed. This is how the Nazis managed to stay in control.'
25. OR
26. '(c) I do not think they kept total control. This was because there were opponents of the Nazis and some of them like communists operated underground. There were also some church leaders who opposed Nazi policies. There were young people's groups like the Swing movement and the Edelweiss Pirates who opposed the Nazis. They liked American culture, attacked members of the Hitler Youth, and some of them helped escaped prisoners during the war.'
27. [2-3] (c) e.g. 'Propaganda through the radio and cinema helped keep them in control.'
28. '(c) People were afraid of the SS and the Gestapo.'
29. '(c) People did not want to be sent to concentration camps.'
30. '(c) Germany was a police state.'
31. '(c) The Nazis expanded the Hitler Youth to control the young.'
32. '(c) The school curriculum highlighted Nazi beliefs and aims.'
33. '(c) Political control was through a one-party state.'
34. '(c) The Nazis provided high employment rates.'
35. '(c) There was economic control through ‘Strength Through Joy' and the 'Beauty of Labour'.'
36. '(c) The lack of trade unions restricted workers' rights.'
37. '(c) The Nazis dictated their views to women on their roles.'
38. '(c) Communists and Social Democrats operated underground.'
39. '(c) Youth groups like the Edelweiss Pirates acted against the Nazis.'
40. '(c) There were plots against Hitler like the army plot in 1944.'
41. '(c) Some church leaders opposed Nazi policies.'