Students were studying different residential areas of cities in MEDCs. They decided to do some fieldwork to compare different types of housing area in the 'inner city'. They chose to study three areas: • Area A: an area of houses which were built around 1850 • Area B: an area of terraced houses which were built around 1920 • Area C: an area of houses and apartment blocks which were built when the area was redeveloped around 1990 The students investigated the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: The newer the housing area the better the environment. Hypothesis 2: Parking and traffic are problems for people living in all three inner city areas.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1 + 1 = 2] (a) (i) Examples Opportunity to test descriptions are appropriate (1)
2. Opportunity to test that all features are covered in survey (1)
3. Practise/improve methodology/know what to do (1)
4. Check consistency of applying scoring criteria (1)
5. [1 + 1 = 2] (ii) Examples Filled in/circled the location (1)
6. Look at/observe each feature (1)
7. Made a decision/give opinion about the score for each category (1)
8. Put a tick/record/give score/mark in the appropriate row/box (1)
9. Add up/work out total in column (1)
10. [2 × (1 + 1) = 4] (iii) Examples: 1 for each suggestion and 1 for each reason Work in groups (1)
11. So other students check scores (1)
12. Makes results less subjective/biased/consistent/can take an average (1)
13. Go to different areas (1)
14. So they survey as many roads as possible in each area (1)
15. Gives a larger sample (1)
16. Makes efficient use of time (1)
17. Do surveys on same day/at same time/under same conditions (1)
18. So comparisons between areas more consistent (1)
19. [1] (b) (i) Total = +11 + sign not essential
20. [1 + 1 = 2] (ii) Completion of graphs for areas A (+1) and B (-3).
21. [1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4] (iii) Examples: Need 4 references to data/the table.
22. Area C/newest has highest score/ +11 (1) compared to +6/−14 (1)
23. Area C/newest has 7 positive scores/only 1 negative/mostly positive/vandalism and graffiti only negative (1)
24. Area A/oldest does not have lowest score (1) is +6 compared to −14 (1)
25. Area A/oldest has positive total score/6 positive scores (1)
26. Area B/middle age has lowest/negative score (1) of –14 compared to +6/+11 (1)
27. Area B has negative score in all 8 categories (1)
28. [1R + (1 + 1) = 3] (c) (i) Stratified only acceptable
29. Examples of reasons for Stratified
30. Will get people from different age groups (1)
31. Will get people from different genders (1)
32. Will get people from different socio-economic groups (1)
33. [(1R + 1 + 1 + 1) = 4] (ii) Hypothesis is partly true/false/untrue/incorrect
34. Evidence
35. True for parking and traffic in areas A & B (1) with 3.8 and 3.3 (1) or with 3.8 higher than the other two for parking (1) or with 3.7 higher than others for traffic (1)
36. Parking not true for area C (1) with 1.8 being lowest (1)
37. Traffic not true for area C (1) with 1.5 being lowest (1)
38. Scores in areas A and B = agree/strongly agree (1) as more above 3 (1)
39. Scores in area C = disagree/strongly disagree (1) as more below 2 (1)
40. If no decision given credit evidence for correct hypothesis to max 3
41. [1 + 1 = 2] (iii) Completion of divided bar graph
42. 1 mark for both dividing lines at correct values from the left (20 and 39)
43. 1 mark for shading in correct order and direction from the left.
44. [1 + 1 = 2] (iv) Parking examples Create more off-road parking areas/car parks/multi-storey parking/underground parking or garaging (1)
45. Create permit parking system/residents reserved spaces (1).
46. ALSO Park and ride schemes (Max 1 if in both)
47. Traffic examples Build by-pass/ring road/one way system/flyover (1)
48. Exclude heavy vehicles from residential areas (1)
49. Congestion level charging at peak times of day (1)
50. Better public transport/bus lanes (1)
51. Odd/even number plates on different days (1)
52. Cycle lanes (1)
53. Car sharing (1)
54. [1R + 3 = 4] (d) Must be plausible NEW investigations that could be carried out in the three housing areas; not those already done in the Question, i.e. NOT any of those listed in Table 2 and NOT Parking/Traffic from Table 4.
55. Examples of new ideas that are deemed implausible/inappropriate but can get max 2 for how they would carry out.
56. Income, employment, health, population structure, type of housing.
57. Examples of possible ideas OK for max marks = 4.
58. Price of houses (1)
59. Access for services/shopping (1)
60. Safety of an area (1)
61. Litter (1)
62. Height of buildings (1)
63. Appropriate methods such as:
64. Questionnaire (1)
65. House price survey (1)
66. Convenience index (1)
67. Mark on maps (1)
68. Credit details of how such a study would be done inc. recording.