Re-read paragraphs 1 and 4, which contain phrases about (i) the writer and (ii) the grandmothers. Explain: • the meaning of each phrase as it is used in the passage • the effect of each phrase as it is used in the passage.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 10(a) Meaning: 'searched' (I/he/the writer) tried to find/think of/come up with // (I/he/the writer) thought of/looked for/hunted for 'upbeat' (something) encouraging/cheerful/optimistic/ positive/funny/amusing/lighthearted/reassuring /comforting/exciting (to say to her)
2. [1] 10(a) Effect: (I/he/the writer) wanted to/is trying to cheer her up/reassure her/comfort her/lift her spirits/to make her feel better/make the/their situation more positive
3. [1] 10(b) Meaning: group/crowd/gathering/bunch/mob/mass/gang/ lots/many (of grandmothers/old women/them)
4. [1] 10(b) Effect: (they are like) an army/prepared to fight // they are fighting/fighters/warriors/ready for action/militant/attacking/threatening/ intimidating/frightening/powerful/forceful/ strong/violent // (they are) united (in purpose)/act as one/a team/on a mission/working together/gang up