Read Passage 1, Cars, in the Insert and answer all the questions below.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [12] 1(a) Content Points. Passage 1 Cars. Identify and write down the information in the passage which describes the changes created by the car and the disadvantages the car has brought. 1 mark for each correct point up to a maximum of 12 marks. Award marks in any order. The changes created by the car:
2. [1] 1 Freedom of mobility (given)
3. [1] 2 makes travel / journey(s) fast(er) // speed / increased speed of travel / journey(s) // travel / journey(s) take less time (than on foot) Allow lift of lines 4–5 'a journey...by car' (needs inclusion of 'on foot') Not Allowed Responses: 'ease' for 'speed'
4. [1] 3 great(er) social interaction /wide(r) circle of friends / increased communication with family
5. [1] 4 (greater) flexibility in work // possible to live in the country and work in town // those living in towns / cities could go further afield to work // working in distant areas became easy / easier / possible
6. [1] 5 sprawling / large(r) urban areas / (modern) cities (resulted)
7. [1] 6 (the car changed) appearance of (whole) countries because of road-building schemes / new roads / extending (existing) roads
8. [1] 7 door-to-door trips // makes door-to-door trips possible / easy
9. [1] 8 (manufacturing / production provides) much employment / many jobs / jobs for many people Not Allowed Responses: Examples of Ford factory production / 19 000 000 in India (alone) '(over)19 000 000' for 'many people'
10. The disadvantages the car has brought:
11. [1] 9 Fuel (they burn) gives off pollutants which damage the body's defences against diseases (given)
12. [1] 10 damage to the environment // (emits) greenhouse gases // (causes) global warming // damages the ozone layer
13. [1] 11 (Over) a million / millions of / many / people involved in road / traffic / car accidents // over a million / many / frequent road / traffic / car accidents Allow 'killed / injured' for 'involved' Not Allowed Responses: Increase in road/car/traffic accidents (alone) Several/some (accidents/people) for 'many'
14. [1] 12 (whole) communities destroyed / devastated when (car) factories close Not Allowed Responses: 'affected' for 'destroyed'
15. [1] 13 makes / might make people less inclined to (take) exercise // people don't (take) exercise Not Allowed Responses: 'sport' for 'exercise'
16. [1] 14 driving is (often) stressful Not Allowed Responses: Examples of stress, e.g. 'exasperation' and 'road rage'
17. [1] 15 (car / driving encourages) anti-social behaviour
18. [1] 16 (cars cause) congestion / traffic jams (in cities) Allow lift of lines 46–7 'many modern cities...common' and run on into 'particularly...work' Not Allowed Responses: 'congestion at rush hours' (alone) Many cities can barely cope with the volume of traffic (alone)
19. [10] 1(b) Summary Candidates have now fleshed out their notes into a piece of formal, continuous prose. Candidates are advised to write between 150-180 words including the 10 words given. Marks are awarded for producing a piece of writing which is relevant and well-organised and easy to follow. Summary - Task Fulfilment 10 marks Band 5 (9-10) Excellent understanding of the task demonstrated in an impressive response: All content included is relevant, with no unnecessary details/repetitions. Fluent and coherent presentation of the points, including possible synthesising where appropriate, and a wide range of appropriate stylish linking devices. Band 4 (7-8) Good understanding of the task demonstrated in a skilful response: Almost all content included is relevant, with only occasional unnecessary details/repetitions. Generally fluent and coherent presentation of the points, with appropriate linking devices. Band 3 (5-6) Acceptable understanding of the task demonstrated in a competent response: Some of the content included is relevant, with unnecessary details/additions. Satisfactory presentation of the points with limited fluency and coherence and occasional misuse of linking devices. Band 2 (3-4) Insecure understanding of the task demonstrated in a rather faltering response: Content included is of limited relevance, with frequent unnecessary details/repetitions. Presentation of the points breaks down, with little coherence and lacking linking devices. Band 1 (1-2) Very little understanding of the task demonstrated in an incoherent response: Content included is of little relevance, with noticeably unnecessary details/repetitions. Little attempt to present the points with no concept of linking devices. Band 0 (0) No understanding of the task demonstrated in: A totally irrelevant response. Insufficient material to reward.