Read Passage 1, Climate change: one person's view on problems and solutions, in the insert and answer all the questions below.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [12] Problems mark for each correct point to a maximum of 12 marks Given point: more energy-intensive storms.
2. [1] growing / increasing number of / more wildfires // a rise in the occurrence of wildfires. Allow lift of lines 6–8 ‘(Another problem is the) growing number... occurrence (probably due to climate change)'.
3. [1] flooding (is also an issue).
4. [1] loss of breeding grounds for (some) marine creatures / ocean species // loss of breeding grounds threatens (many) ocean species / marine creatures (with extinction) // as ocean temperatures rise there is loss of breeding ground (for some species / creatures).
5. [1] increased (number of) / more (devastating) drought(s) // (the incidence of) drought has (almost) doubled (since the early 1990s) Allow lift of lines 14-15 'Our climate emergency... droughts (faced by many countries)'.
6. [1] periods increase when (some) disease(s) can be transmitted / spread // disease(s) can be transmitted / spread more often Allow lift of lines 18-19 '(As the ...up), periods increase when some diseases, (for example malaria and dengue fever) can be transmitted'.
7. [1] increased / more heatwaves (cause heat stress / health problems) // record temperatures are symptoms of increased heatwaves.
8. [1] huge / great financial implications / significance / consequence / pressure / impact / burden (for governments and local communities) // rebuilding (homes / entire villages) requires a huge amount / a lot of finance / money.
9. [12] Solutions Given point: governments recognise that there is an issue here.
10. [1] (summit) meetings of world / global / international leaders translate discussion into action // summit(s) (meetings) translate discussion into action // world leaders / world governments make pledges / set targets / take action / find solutions.
11. [1] (people can opt for) electric / hybrid / non-polluting / environmentally-friendly cars / vehicles // (some countries offer financial) incentives to buy electric / hybrid / non-polluting / environmentally-friendly cars / vehicles.
12. [1] more buses and trams // more / increased / improved public transport // cheap and efficient buses and trams / public transport. Allow lift of lines 36–38 ‘(The provision of) more buses and trams... efficient and cheap' Allow 'trains' for 'trams'.
13. [1] (people can) reduce / cut down the number of flights (they take) // reduce air travel // not fly frequently // frequent flyers should use alternative means / travel Allow lift of line 39-41 '(Although... footprint – and to) reduce the number of flights (they take by using trains for example)'.
14. [1] switch / move from fossil fuels / non-renewables to other (forms of) energy / renewables // Accept coal, oil and natural gas for 'fossil fuels' ONLY if all three are included. Accept wind, water and solar power for 'renewables' / ‘other forms of energy' ONLY if all three are included.
15. [1] (some) companies / (global) corporations promised to / should / will set targets for zero carbon emissions / be carbon neutral.
16. [1] (plan) to be carbon negative // (devise ways of) removing carbon from the (earth's) atmosphere Allow lift of lines 50–52 ‘(Even better is the ambitious plan by one global giant) to be (by 2030) not just carbon neutral but carbon negative... earth's atmosphere'
17. [10] Summary Now use your notes from 1(a) to write a summary of the problems associated with climate change, and the solutions to the problems associated with climate change, according to the writer. Candidates have now fleshed out their notes into a piece of formal, continuous prose. Candidates are advised to write between 150–180 words including the 10 words given. Marks are awarded for producing a piece of writing which is relevant and coherent.