O-LevelEnglish LanguageReading for Ideas1123/21 · May/June 2022 · Q122 Marks

Read Passage 1, Climate change: one person's view on causes and consequences, in the insert and answer all the questions below.

(a)Notes Identify and write down what are the causes of climate change, and the consequences of climate change, according to the writer. USE MATERIAL FROM PARAGRAPHS 2 TO 6 INCLUSIVE At this stage, you do not need to use your own words. Use note form. To help you get started, the first point in each section of notes is done for you. You may find it helpful to use bullet points when listing the content points. You will be awarded up to 12 marks for content points. Content Points Causes of climate change • Industrialised countries rely on fossil fuels Consequences of climate change • Ice is melting[12]
(b)Summary Now use your notes from 1(a) to write a summary of the causes of climate change, and the consequences of climate change, according to the writer. Use your own words as far as possible. You will be awarded marks for producing a piece of writing which is relevant, well organised and easy to follow. Your summary must be in continuous writing (not note form). You are advised to write between 150 and 180 words, including the 10 words given below. Begin your summary as follows: According to the writer, a cause of climate change is[10]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 1 Given: industrialised countries rely on fossil fuels
[1] 2 individuals / homes produce greenhouse gases in (domestic) gas / oil boilers // (individuals / homes) produce greenhouse gases in domestic gas / oil boilers
[1] 3 trees (are frequently) cut (down) // deforestation
[1] 4 animal farming (because grazing animals emit greenhouse gas / methane from their digestive system) // (levels of) meat consumption
[1] 5 modern / current / new / nowadays farming (methods) // (use of) toxic pesticides
[1] 6 emissions / (toxic) fumes / gases from planes
[1] 7 (sharp) rise in (the number of) flights (taken) // increase in air travel
[1] 8 (travelling in) polluting vehicles (such as petrol and diesel cars) // vehicles produce unacceptable levels of (dangerous) emissions
[1] 9 Given: ice is melting
[1] 10 (earth's supply of) fresh / drinking water (for human and animal consumption) is decreasing // (earth's supply of) (fresh / drinking) water for human and animal consumption is decreasing.
[1] 11 flooding (in coastal areas)
[1] 12 (the depths of the) oceans warm up
[1] 13 seafood stocks dwindle / decrease // people who rely on oceans for food have no / less food // people who rely on oceans for livelihood have no / less income / fewer jobs
[1] 14 wildlife and their habitats are affected in an adverse / negative / bad way // wildlife and their habitats are threatened
[1] 15 (some / many) creatures / species (which) carry dangerous / fatal diseases thrive / increase (in higher global temperatures) // numbers of creatures / species (which) carry dangerous / fatal diseases multiply / increase (in higher global temperatures)
[1] 16 extreme / dangerous / deadly weather events / conditions
[10] Summary Candidates have now fleshed out their notes into a piece of formal, continuous prose. Candidates are advised to write between 150-180 words including the 10 words given. Marks are awarded for producing a piece of writing which is relevant and coherent.