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O-LevelComputer ScienceHardware2210/13 · Oct/Nov 2025 · Q214 Marks

A computer with a Von Neumann architecture has a central processing unit (CPU) that carries out the fetch-decode-execute (FDE) cycle.

  1. (a)Give the name of the first register that is used in the fetch part of the cycle.[1]
  2. (b)(i)Describe the role of the CU in the CPU.[3]
  3. (b)(ii)Give the name of the register that is part of the CU.[1]
  4. (c)(i)Tick (✔) one box to show the correct statement that describes the purpose of cache. A It stores important instructions. B It stores the next instruction to be processed. C It stores frequently used instructions. D It stores instructions so they are not lost when the power is turned off.[1]
  5. (c)(ii)Give one other example of primary storage. Identify the type of data your example would store. Primary storage Data[2]
  6. (d)The computer also has secondary storage. Write the name of the type of secondary storage for each description in the table. Each type of secondary storage may be used more than once. Type of secondary storage | Description --------------------------|------------ | It burns pits and lands onto a disk. | It uses control gates and flow gates. | It uses NAND or NOR technology. | The surface of each platter is divided into tracks and sectors. | It has a read/write arm that moves a laser across a disc. | It controls the flow of electrons using transistors.[6]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

  1. [1] Program counter // PC
  2. [3] Any three from:
  3. [3] It sends control signals to other components
  4. [3] using the control bus
  5. [3] to manage the flow of data through the CPU
  6. [3] It decodes an instruction
  7. [3] using an instruction set
  8. [1] Current instruction register // CIR
  9. [1] C
  10. [2] One mark for example of storage
  11. [2] One mark for example of what it will store
  12. [2] RAM
  13. [2] Data/programs/software/instructions that are currently in use
  14. [2] ROM
  15. [2] Startup instructions
  16. [2] BIOS
  17. [2] Bootstrap
  18. [2] Firmware
  19. [2] Virtual memory
  20. [2] Pages from RAM that are not immediately needed
  21. [2] Data/programs/software/instructions that are currently in use
  22. [6] One mark for each correct storage type
  23. [6] Optical
  24. [6] Solid-state
  25. [6] Solid-state
  26. [6] Magnetic
  27. [6] Optical
  28. [6] Solid-state

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About this question

Topic
Hardware, O-Level Computer Science (syllabus 2210). Structured question, 14 marks.
Source
O-Level Computer Science, Oct/Nov 2025 Paper 1 Variant 3, question 2.

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