A-LevelComputer ScienceFurther programming9618/31 · May/June 2021 · Q98 Marks

Describe what is meant by an imperative (procedural) programming language.

(a)Describe what is meant by an imperative (procedural) programming language.[2]
(b)Describe what is meant by a declarative programming language.[2]
(c)Identify the programming paradigm for each of these program code examples. Program code example male (john). female (ethel). parent (john, ethel). FOR Counter = 1 TO 20 X = X * Counter NEXT Counter Start: LDD Counter INC ACC STO Counter public class Vehicle { private speed; public Vehicle() { speed = 0; } } Programming paradigm[4]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) Imperative languages use variables
[1] (a) ... which are changed using (assignment) statements
[1] (a) ... they rely on a method of repetition / iteration.
[1] (a) The statements provide a sequence of commands for the computer to perform
[1] (a) ... in the order written / given
[1] (a) ... each line of code changes something in the program run.
[1] (b) Instructs a program on what needs to be done instead of how to do it
[1] (b) ... using facts and rules
[1] (b) ... using queries to satisfy goals.
[1] (b) Can be logical or functional
[1] (b) Logical - states a program as a set of logical relations
[1] (b) Functional - constructed by applying functions to arguments / uses a mathematical style
[1] (c) Program code 1 (male(john).): Declarative
[1] (c) Program code 2 (FOR Counter = 1 TO 20): Procedural / imperative
[1] (c) Program code 3 (Start: LDD Counter): Low-level / assembly
[1] (c) Program code 4 (public class Vehicle): Object oriented / (OOP)

On Oracle Prep you can write or photograph your own answer and have it marked by AI against this mark scheme, with feedback on what you missed.