Fig. 3 shows the Central Business District (CBD) of a large city and the surrounding area. Business Park Major Road Suburbs Major Road Suburbs CBD Goods Terminal Station Suburbs Major Road Airport Major Road Scaler 5 Kms [Figure 3] Use Fig. 3 to help you to answer the following questions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) (i) Any four points × 1 mark each and up to 2 marks for a well-developed point: • enables commuters to visit the CBD daily for work • enables people to make use of services offered within the CBD • enables people to visit the CBD for shopping • enables goods to be brought in to stock shops in the CBD • enables regular supplies to be brought in • makes people wish to visit the CBD as they will not spend too much time travelling • may link CBD with the CBDs of other cities – inter-city trains • provide links to the airport • helps to avoid or reduce congestion. Any other relevant point.
2. [1] (ii) One mark for underground/MRT in Singapore/MTR in Hong Kong/commuter trains/ metro/bus system/tram/ferries (in Maldives). Allow one mark for railway. Any other relevant example.
3. [4] (b) (i) Any two reasons explained × 2 marks each: • so that travellers can reach the city easily and quickly without too much travelling on other means of transport • it helps to promote business for the large city and the CBD • it may attract foreign tourists to visit the city and so gain income for the city • it enables companies in the CBD to send people to other places and so develop interests in other cities/other countries • it assists multinational companies to function – with better transport and communication • it is easier for the transport of freight from factories in the city to customers • it enables workers to commute from greater distances especially if there are good rail links into the city. Any other relevant point.
4. [2] (ii) Any two services × 1 mark each: • check-in facilities • luggage handling/trolleys • luggage carousels • restrooms • lounges • pick-up/set-down points • transport • information screens • medical facilities • shops • currency exchanges • immigration facilities • airline desks • wi-fi • disabled facilities • car hire counters • duty-free area • banks • seating • transit hotels • security Any other relevant service.
5. [3] (c) Any three points × 1 mark each and up to 3 marks for a well-developed point: • to allow them to advertise • there is sufficient space to place them • there is a high concentration of people so many people will see them • many target groups are likely to see them – shoppers, office workers • constantly changing advertisements may appeal to passers-by • may be attractive and add to the appeal of the streets in CBD • may be a cheap medium to use • to attract attention. Any other relevant point.
6. [6] (d) Level 2 (4-6 marks) Has discussed whether or not it is better for a business to locate in the business park rather than in the CBD and has given a reasoned opinion. (One-sided argument, award 4 marks max). Many businesses are located in business parks and many businesses choose to locate in the CBD of cities. It will depend on what the business does. Land rents and other costs are likely to be lower in the business park than in the CBD. Businesses that manufacture products or distribute goods are more likely to locate in a business park where there is more land available for a factory or where purpose-built factories may be provided. There may also be scope for expansion. Businesses that are reliant on office accommodation may locate in the CBD especially if there is good transport for commuters and suitable offices. The business park is beside a major road so access will be easy. It may also attract workers who live in the suburbs of the city close to the business park and who do not want the problems of travelling into the city. Some businesses may choose to locate in the CBD because of the prestige value of being there or because it is easier for their customers to reach them. Some businesses have to be in the CBD because that is where they must carry out their business, e.g. banks, some shops, building societies. A business park would not be suitable for these businesses although a head office could be located in a business park. It may therefore be better for some businesses to be in the business park and it may be better for some businesses to be in the CBD. It will depend on the individual business and we do not know what it is. Level 1 (1-3 marks) Has commented on locating a business in business park and/or the CBD with/without an opinion. Many businesses locate in business parks. Business parks are cheaper. There is more land. They may find it easier for their workers to travel to work. Other businesses locate to the centre of large cities. They want to be seen by passers-by. A business should choose the business park.