Qualitative Analysis At each stage of any test you are to record details of the following. • colour changes seen • the formation of any precipitate • the solubility of such precipitates in an excess of the reagent added Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the appropriate place in your observations. You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs. No additional tests for ions present should be attempted. If any solution is warmed, a boiling tube MUST be used. Rinse and reuse test-tubes and boiling tubes where possible. Where reagents are selected for use in a test, the name or correct formula of the element or compound must be given.

1. (a)FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 are solutions, some of which contain ions that are listed on pages 10 and 11. test FA 5 FA 6 FA 7 (i) To a 0.5 cm depth of solution in a boiling tube add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then warm gently. Allow to cool, add a piece of aluminium foil and warm again. (ii) To a 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube add two or three drops of acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII). (Do not use FA 3.) If no reaction occurs, pour the mixture into a boiling tube and warm gently. (iii) To a 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube add a 2 cm depth of '10 volume' hydrogen peroxide and leave to stand. (Do not use FA 1.) (iv) To a 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube add a 1 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid, then add a 1 cm depth of aqueous barium chloride or aqueous barium nitrate.[11]
2. (b)(i)Identify as many ions present in FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 as possible from your observations. If an ion cannot be identified from the tests, write ‘unknown’ in the space. cation(s) FA 5 FA 6 FA 7 anion(s)[3]
3. (b)(ii)Describe another test you could carry out to confirm the identity of a cation you have identified in (i). Record the reagent(s) and expected observation(s) in the space below. Do not carry out this test.[2]
4. (b)(iii)Write an ionic equation for the reaction that would occur in (ii). Include state symbols.[1]