Ethylamine and phenylamine are primary amines. ethylamine CH3CH2NH2 phenylamine NH2 [Figure 4.1]

1. (a)(i)Ethylamine forms when ethanamide, CH3CONH2, is reduced by LiAlH4. Write an equation for this reaction. Use [H] to represent one atom of hydrogen from the reducing agent.[1]
2. (a)(ii)Ethylamine is a product of the reaction of bromoethane with ammonia. Name the mechanism of this reaction and state the conditions used. mechanism .............................................. conditions ..............................................[2]
3. (a)(iii)The reaction in (a)(ii) also forms secondary and tertiary amines. Suggest the identity of a secondary or tertiary amine formed by the reaction in (a)(ii).[1]
4. (b)Ethylamine is a weak base. State the relative basicities of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine. Explain your answer. least basic < .............................................. < .............................................. most basic[4]
5. (c)Pure phenylamine, C6H5NH2, can be prepared from benzene in two steps. Draw the structure of the intermediate compound. Suggest reagents and conditions for each step.[3]
6. (d)(i)Draw the structure of W, the organic product of reaction 1.[1]
7. (d)(ii)State the reagents used in reaction 2.[1]
8. (d)(iii)Benzenediazonium chloride, C6H5N2Cl, and X react together in reaction 4 to form Y, an azo compound. Name X, the organic product of reaction 3.[1]
9. (d)(iv)State the necessary conditions for reaction 4 to occur.[1]
10. (d)(v)Suggest a use for Y.[1]
11. (e)(i)Define monodentate ligand.[2]
12. (e)(ii)Cu²⁺(aq) reacts with CH3NH2 to form [Cu(CH3NH2)2(H2O)4]²⁺. Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two geometrical isomers of [Cu(CH3NH2)2(H2O)4]²⁺.[2]
13. (e)(iii)State the coordination number of copper in [Cu(CH3NH2)2(H2O)4]²⁺.[1]
14. (f)(i)Give the units of Kstab for equilibrium 1.[1]
15. (f)(ii)Write an expression for Kstab for equilibrium 3.[1]
16. (f)(iii)A solution of Cl⁻(aq) is added to Cd²⁺(aq) and allowed to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium concentrations are given. [Cd²⁺(aq)] = 0.043 mol dm⁻³ [Cl⁻(aq)] = 0.072 mol dm⁻³ Use your expression in (f)(ii) to calculate the concentration of CdCl4²⁻(aq) in the equilibrium mixture. [CdCl4²⁻(aq)] = .............................................. mol dm⁻³[1]
17. (f)(iv)When CH3NH2(aq) is added to Cd²⁺(aq), a mixture of [Cd(CH3NH2)4]²⁺(aq) and [Cd(OH)4]²⁻(aq) forms. Suggest how the [Cd(OH)4]²⁻(aq) is formed.[1]
18. (f)(v)Cd²⁺(aq) exists as a complex ion, [Cd(H2O)6]²⁺(aq). Identify the most stable and the least stable of the complexes in Table 4.1 by placing one tick (✔) in each column. Explain your answer. complex [Cd(H2O)6]²⁺(aq) [Cd(OH)4]²⁻(aq) [Cd(CH3NH2)4]²⁺(aq) [CdCl4]²⁻(aq) explanation[2]

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