The Group 17 elements, chlorine, bromine and iodine, are non-metals that show trends in their physical and chemical properties.

1. (a)Describe the trend in the colour of the Group 17 elements down the group.[1]
2. (b)(i)The Group 17 elements can oxidise many metals to form halides. Describe the relative reactivity of the elements in Group 17 as oxidising agents.[1]
3. (b)(ii)Chlorine reacts with hot tin metal to form tin(IV) chloride, SnCl4. SnCl4 is a colourless liquid at room temperature that reacts vigorously with water to form an acidic solution. Suggest the type of structure and bonding shown by SnCl4. Explain your answer.[2]
4. (c)(i)The Group 17 elements form soluble halides with sodium. Describe what is seen when dilute AgNO3(aq) is added to NaBr(aq) followed by aqueous ammonia.[2]
5. (c)(ii)NaCl reacts with concentrated H2SO4 to form HCl and NaHSO4. Explain the difference between the reactions of concentrated H2SO4 with NaCl and with NaI. Your answer should refer to the role of the sulfuric acid in each reaction.[3]
6. (d)(i)The hydrogen halides are useful reagents in organic and inorganic reactions. Describe and explain the trend in the boiling points of the hydrogen halides, HCl, HBr and HI.[2]
7. (d)(ii)Describe and explain the trend in the thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides, HCl, HBr and HI.[2]
8. (e)(i)Lucas's reagent is a mixture of HCl and ZnCl2. Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be distinguished by their reaction with Lucas's reagent. Alcohols react with the HCl in Lucas's reagent to form halogenoalkanes. ZnCl2 acts as a homogeneous catalyst for these reactions. Explain the meaning of the term homogeneous.[1]
9. (e)(ii)Pentan-3-ol, C2H5CH(OH)C2H5, reacts slowly with HCl to form a secondary halogenoalkane. Complete the equation for this reaction using structural formulae. C2H5CH(OH)C2H5 +[1]
10. (e)(iii)The fastest reaction shown by Lucas's reagent is with a tertiary alcohol. Draw the structure of the tertiary alcohol that is an isomer of pentan-3-ol.[1]
11. (e)(iv)Tertiary alcohols tend to react with Lucas's reagent using the same mechanism as in their reaction with HCl. Suggest the type of reaction shown by tertiary alcohols with Lucas's reagent.[1]