Some of the common chlorides of Period 3 elements are shown in the list. NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl5

1. (a)(i)From this list, identify: all the chlorides that have giant ionic structures in the solid state[1]
2. (a)(ii)all the chlorides that react vigorously with water to form strongly acidic solutions[1]
3. (a)(iii)the chloride that dissolves in water to form a neutral solution[1]
4. (a)(iv)the chloride formed from the element with the highest melting point.[1]
5. (b)NaCl is one product of the reaction of chlorine gas and cold aqueous sodium hydroxide. Identify the other products.[1]
6. (c)(i)PCl5 reacts with alcohols to form chloroalkanes. Identify this type of reaction.[1]
7. (c)(ii)Draw the structure of the organic product formed in the reaction of an excess of PCl5 with butane-1,3-diol.[1]
8. (d)(i)Sulfur, S8, reacts with chlorine to form several different chlorides. The most common are S2Cl2 and SCl2. SCl₂ forms when sulfur reacts with an excess of chlorine. reaction 1 S8(s) + 4Cl2(g) → 4S2Cl2(I) ΔH₁ = −58.2 kJ mol-1 reaction 2 S2Cl2(I) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2SC12(I) ΔH₁ = −40.6 kJ mol-1 SCl₂ is a cherry-red liquid that reacts vigorously with water to form an acidic solution. Use this information to deduce the bonding and structure shown by SCl2. Explain your answer.[2]
9. (d)(ii)Calculate the enthalpy change of formation, ∆H₁, of SCl₂(l). You may find it useful to use Hess's Law to construct an energy cycle. enthalpy change of formation of SCl₂(l), ∆H₁ = .............................. kJ mol-1[2]
10. (d)(iii)State the effect of a decrease in pressure on the position of equilibrium in reaction 2. Explain your answer.[1]
11. (d)(iv)Fig. 3.1 shows the two structural isomers of S₂Cl₂. [Figure 3.1] Define the term structural isomer.[2]
12. (d)(v)Suggest a value for the Cl–S–S bond angle in isomer I. Explain your answer. bond angle = ................................. ° explanation[2]
13. (d)(vi)Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in isomer II. Show outer shell electrons only.[2]

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