Phosphorus is a reactive Period 3 element.

1. (a)(i)White phosphorus and red phosphorus both have covalent bonding. Suggest the types of structure shown by white phosphorus (P4) and red phosphorus (P). Explain why red phosphorus (P) has a higher melting point than white phosphorus (P4).[3]
2. (a)(ii)Red phosphorus (P) forms when white phosphorus (P4) is exposed to sunlight. ¼P₄(s) → P(s) ΔH = -17.6 kJ mol⁻¹ white red Use this information to draw a reaction pathway diagram to show the formation of red phosphorus (P) from white phosphorus (P4). [Figure 3.0][1]
3. (b)(i)State the oxidation number of phosphorus in P4O10.[1]
4. (b)(ii)Deduce the identity of Q and hence construct chemical equations for reactions 1 and 2. reaction 1 PCl5 + .....H₂O → .............................................................................................................. reaction 2 P4O10 + .....H₂O → ..............................................................................................................[2]
5. (c)(i)Give the empirical formula of triphenylphosphine.[1]
6. (c)(ii)State the types of reaction that occur in stages 1 and 2.[2]
7. (c)(iii)Draw the structures of G and H in the boxes provided. [Figure 3.1][2]
8. (d)Identify the organic products formed when compound J, shown below, is heated with hot concentrated acidified manganate(VII) ions. [Figure 3.2][2]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.