The structure of nicotinamide is shown. It consists of a pyridine ring (a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom) with an amide group (-CONH2) attached.

1. (a)(i)State the number of delocalised electrons in one nicotinamide molecule.[1]
2. (a)(ii)Predict the H-N-H bond angle in the NH₂ group in nicotinamide.[1]
3. (b)(i)Draw the structural formula of E in the box.[1]
4. (b)(ii)Give the name or formula of a suitable reagent for step 2.[1]
5. (c)Nicotinamide reacts separately with aqueous acid and aqueous alkali. The six-membered ring remains unchanged in these reactions. Complete the reaction scheme below to give the structural formula of the organic product of each reaction. The reaction scheme shows Nicotinamide (pyridine ring with -CONH2) reacting with HCl(aq) under reflux on the left side, and reacting with NaOH(aq) under reflux on the right side.[2]
6. (d)(i)Identify a suitable reducing agent for this reaction.[1]
7. (d)(ii)Predict and explain the relative basicities of the NH₂ groups in phenylamine, C6H5NH2, nicotinamide and compound X.[3]
8. (e)The height of the M peak in a mass spectrum of nicotinamide is 80. Calculate the expected height of the M+1 peak.[2]

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