Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Chlorine can be prepared using the following reaction. MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)

1. (a)(i)Explain why MnO2(s) is described as an oxidising agent in this reaction. Refer to oxidation numbers in your answer.[1]
2. (a)(ii)State what you would observe during this reaction.[1]
3. (b)The halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine are all volatile elements. State and explain the trend in volatility down Group 17.[3]
4. (c)(i)Chlorine undergoes disproportionation during many chemical reactions. Write an equation for the reaction of chlorine with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Explain why it is a disproportionation reaction. equation explanation[2]
5. (c)(ii)One of the products of the reaction of chlorine with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide differs from those in (c)(i). Identify the compound that is formed in this reaction that is different from that formed in the reaction in (c)(i).[1]
6. (d)State and explain the use of chlorine in water purification.[2]
7. (e)(i)Under certain conditions, chlorine undergoes a free-radical substitution reaction with ethane. State the conditions required to initiate this reaction.[1]
8. (e)(ii)Write the overall equation for this free-radical substitution reaction.[1]