M1 is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant leaf. You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen. Use a sharp pencil for drawing. (b) Fig. 2.2 is a photomicrograph of a stained transverse section of part of a leaf from a different species. A grid has been placed over the photomicrograph to help you answer the question. Each square is 1 cm². You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen.

1. (a)(i)Draw a large plan diagram of the section of the leaf (midrib) shown by the shaded area in Fig. 2.1. Use one ruled label line and the label X to identify a region containing xylem tissue. [Figure 2.1] You are expected to draw the correct shape and proportions of the different tissues. [5][5]
2. (a)(ii)Observe the upper epidermis of the leaf on M1. The upper epidermis has no guard cells. Select one group of two adjacent, touching cells from the upper epidermis and one adjacent, touching cell from the palisade tissue below. Each cell must touch at least one of the other cells. Make a large drawing of this group of three cells. Use one ruled label line and the label P to identify a structure that produces ATP. [4][4]
3. (b)(i)Describe how you will use the grid to find the total area of the part of the leaf shown in Fig. 2.2. You do not need to include the trichomes. ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................[1][1]
4. (b)(ii)Use the procedure you have described in (b)(i) to find: the total area of the part of the leaf shown in Fig. 2.2 ...................................................... cm² the area of the leaf section occupied by the vascular bundle, labelled V. ........................................ cm² [2][2]
5. (b)(iii)Calculate the percentage of the part of the leaf shown in Fig. 2.2 that is occupied by the vascular bundle, labelled V. Show all the steps of your working. ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ % [2][2]
6. (b)(iv)Suggest how you could modify the procedure you have used in (b)(ii) to give a more accurate estimate of the area of the leaf. ................................................................................................................................................................................[1][1]
7. (c)Observe the leaf on M1 and the part of the leaf shown in Fig. 2.2 and identify the differences between them. Record the observable differences in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 feature, M1, Fig. 2.2 [3][3]

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