J1 is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant leaf. You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen. (a) The specimen on J1 has an irregular shape. Use a sharp pencil for drawings.

1. (a)(i)Draw a large plan diagram of the section of the leaf shown by the shaded area in Fig. 2.1. Use one ruled label line and label to identify the vascular bundle. [Figure 2.1] You are expected to draw the correct shape and proportions of the different tissues.[5]
2. (a)(ii)Observe the upper epidermis and palisade layer in the leaf (see Fig. 2.1). Select one group of two adjacent, touching cells from the upper epidermis and one adjacent, touching cell from the palisade tissue below. Each cell must touch at least one of the other cells. Make a large drawing of this group of three cells. Use one ruled label line and label to identify the cell wall of one cell.[4]
3. (a)(iii)Observe the leaf on J1. Suggest one observable feature of J1 which supports the conclusion that this plant grows in a dry environment. Explain how this feature would prevent water loss. feature explanation[2]
4. (b)Fig. 2.2 shows a diagram of a stage micrometer scale that is being used to calibrate an eyepiece graticule. One division, on either the stage micrometer scale or the eyepiece graticule, is the distance between two adjacent lines. The length of one division on this stage micrometer is 0.1 mm. [Figure 2.2]
5. (b)(i)Complete Fig. 2.3, by using Fig. 2.2 to calculate the actual length of one eyepiece graticule unit. Step 1 1 eyepiece graticule unit = [______] divided by [______] = [______] mm Step 2 Convert the answer to a measurement with the unit most suitable for use in light microscopy. [______] multiplied by [______] = [______] [Figure 2.3][3]
6. (b)(ii)Use the calibration of the eyepiece graticule unit from (b)(i) and Fig. 2.4 to calculate the actual length of the plant leaf from X to Y. Show all the steps in your calculation and use appropriate units. [Figure 2.4][2]
7. (b)(iii)Fig. 2.5 is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of the same leaf as in Fig. 2.4. Annotate Fig. 2.5 to describe two observable differences between the leaf in Fig. 2.5 and the leaf on J1: • Draw label lines to two different features and use only the labels P and Q. • Next to each letter, describe how each feature on the leaf in Fig. 2.5 differs from the leaf on J1. [Figure 2.5][2]

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