A-LevelBiologyBiodiversity and conservationOct/Nov 2025Paper 4 Q812 Marks
Palm oil is the most widely used vegetable oil. It is obtained from the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. Oil palms are the highest yielding vegetable oil crop, needing only 10% of the land area required by other crops to produce the same quantity of oil. On the island of Borneo, tropical rainforests are cut down and cleared to create oil palm plantations. This has a large effect on biodiversity. The Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus, is only found on the island of Borneo and is classified as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species ™. Fig. 8.1 shows Bornean orangutans.
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