9 The red ruffed lemur, Varecia rubra, is a mammal found only in the rainforests of the Masoala region in north east Madagascar. Fig. 9.1 shows a red ruffed lemur. [Figure 9.1]

1. (a)The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM states that the red ruffed lemur is critically endangered. Suggest why the red ruffed lemur has become critically endangered.[3]
2. (b)Many zoos around the world operate captive breeding programmes for the red ruffed lemur. Fig. 9.2 shows the numbers of captive-born red ruffed lemurs in North American zoos from 1970 to 2020. [Figure 9.2] Describe the results shown in Fig. 9.2.[3]
3. (c)(i)Captive breeding programmes for endangered mammals such as the red ruffed lemur can vary in their success rate. Suggest problems that may affect the success of captive breeding programmes of mammals like the red ruffed lemur.[3]
4. (c)(ii)Occasionally, wild-caught red ruffed lemurs are introduced into captive breeding programmes. Suggest why this is done.[1]

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