A-LevelBiologyImmunityOct/Nov 2023Paper 1 Q391 Mark
A patient with kidney failure can be given a kidney transplant. In a kidney transplant, a healthy kidney is taken from another person and put into the patient's body. Sometimes the donated kidney cells are killed by the patient's body. In this primary immune response, T-lymphocytes bind to antigens on the donated kidney cells and are activated. The statements describe the next stages of the primary immune response. 1 Activated T-lymphocyte secretes cytokines. 2 B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells and make antibodies. 3 T-killer cells bind to antigens on donor kidney cells. 4 T-killer cells release toxins that destroy the donor kidney cells. 5 T-lymphocytes multiply by mitosis and differentiate into T-killer cells. Which order correctly explains how donor kidney cells are killed?
A1→5→2→3
B1→5→3→4
C3→1→5→2
D3→5→4→1
✓ Correct Answer
The correct answer is B: 1→5→3→4
📋 Examiner Report & Trap Analysis
Common mistake: 62% of candidates selected the distractor because they confused... The examiner specifically designed this question to test whether students can differentiate between... To secure full marks, candidates must demonstrate...
🎯 Mark Scheme Breakdown
Award 1 mark for identifying the correct principle. Award 1 mark for showing clear working. Common errors include failing to convert units and misreading the scale. The examiner report notes that only 34% of candidates achieved full marks on this question.
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