Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a human chromosome at a stage in mitosis. [Figure 1.1]
- (a)(i)The paragraph describes the structure of the chromosome shown in Fig. 1.1. Complete the paragraph using the most appropriate term in each space provided. The chromosome shown in Fig. 1.1 has two genetically identical ______ joined at a ______. The chromosome is composed of two DNA molecules, each wrapped around proteins known as ______ proteins.[3]
- (a)(ii)State one stage during mitosis when the chromosome would appear as shown in Fig. 1.1.[1]
- (a)(iii)Suggest the role of ATP in the process of mitosis.[2]
- (b)Prokaryotes divide by a process known as binary fission. Fig. 1.2 shows some of the stages in binary fission. [Figure 1.2] With reference to Fig. 1.2, identify two events that occur during binary fission that do not occur during mitosis in human cells.[2]
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Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [3] (sister) chromatids ; centromere ; histone;
- [1] prophase / metaphase; I late / early A prometaphase
- [2] I ref. to replication or cytokinesis any two from: provides energy ; movement of centrioles to poles ; spindle formation / organisation of microtubules (for spindle); movement of chromosomes to the, spindle equator/AW; separation of, (daughter) chromosomes / (sister) chromatids, to opposite poles (of the cell) / during anaphase ; AW AVP; e.g. (for) condensation / AW, of, chromatin / chromosomes
- [2] assume reference to binary fission unless stated otherwise any two from: DNA replication; A idea of, doubling / duplicating, DNA cell, elongation / gets longer; A cell increases in size cell wall formation; (includes) cytokinesis / described ; max 1 if two ideas correct describing events that only occur in mitosis
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