Meristematic tissue is found in the growing region of plants, such as root tips. Fig. 2.1 shows a section through the meristematic region of a root tip of onion, Allium cepa. Table 2.1 shows the numbers of cells in different stages of the cell cycle that were observed in sections of the meristematic regions of root tips of A. cepa.
- (a)Complete Table 2.1 by using the letters A to H from Fig. 2.1 to identify one cell in each stage of the cell cycle.[3]
- (b)The total length of time taken for meristematic cells of A. cepa to complete one cell cycle at 25°C is 12 hours. Using sections similar to the one in Fig. 2.1, the length of time spent in each stage of the cell cycle can be estimated. To obtain the estimate, the percentage of cells in that stage is calculated. Using the data in Table 2.1, calculate: the percentage of cells in anaphase the mean length of time in minutes for anaphase. Show your working. percentage of cells in anaphase = .............................................................. % mean length of time in anaphase ................................................................ min[2]
- (c)State one event that occurs during cytokinesis in the cell cycle of plant cells, such as those shown in Fig. 2.1.[1]
This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- 2(a) name one example of cell from 2.1 interphase B/G prophase A metaphase D anaphase E/F/C telophase C/H R C if stated for anaphase all five correct = 3 marks three or four correct = 2 marks one or two correct = 1 mark
- 2(b) (29 as a percentage of 5000 =) 0.58 (%) ; A 0.6 (%) (0.0058 × 720 minutes =) 4 (min) /4.2/4.18/4.176 ; allow ecf
- 2(c) mark first answer one from 1 cell plate forms (across equator of cell) ; 2 cell wall/ cellulose, laid down; A cell wall forms (between the two) 3 cytoplasm divided (into two) ; R cytoplasm, constricts / pinches in I 'separates into two daughter cells' I events at late telophase 4 idea that organelles shared out ; 5 AVP; detail of cell plate formation e.g. ref. to vesicles transported to equator/ involvement of cytoskeletal structures / ref. to phragmoplast
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