Describe how the structure of a mitochondrion is related to its function.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [8] eight from: 1 double membrane ; inner membrane 2 folded / cristae ; 3 increased / large, surface area ; 4 has, ATP synthase / stalked particles ; 5 has, carrier (proteins) / cytochromes ; 6 (site of) ETC / oxidative phosphorylation / chemiosmosis ; intermembrane space 7 has low pH / high concentration of protons ; 8 accepts protons from ETC / AW ; 9 proton gradient between intermembrane space and matrix or protons move from intermembrane space to matrix; 10 ref. to ATP synthesis ; matrix 11 contains enzymes ; 12 site of, link reaction / the Krebs cycle; outer membrane 13 presence of carriers for, pyruvate / reduced NAD ; 14 AVP; e.g. ribosomes / DNA, plus function
2. [7] seven from: liver cells (max 6) 1 only glycolysis occurs ; 2 pyruvate, cannot enter mitochondrion / remains in the cytoplasm ; 3 (pyruvate) becomes, hydrogen acceptor / reduced ; 4 by reduced NAD (from glycolysis); 5 lactate produced ; 6 lactate dehydrogenase ; 7 production of, 4 ATP / 2 ATP / small amount of ATP ; 8 allows glycolysis to continue ; yeast cells 9 decarboxylation / CO2 removed; 10 ethanal becomes, hydrogen acceptor / reduced; 11 two steps (instead of one); 12 irreversible reaction (instead of reversible); 13 ethanol dehydrogenase ; 14 ethanol produced;