Grapes are fruit that contain high concentrations of soluble sugars such as sucrose, fructose and glucose. The proportions of these sugars change as the grapes mature. You will determine the concentration of reducing sugars in a sample of grape extract by using known concentrations of reducing sugar. You are provided with the materials shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 | labelled | contents | hazard | volume/cm³ | |---|---|---|---| | G | grape extract | none | 20 | | W | distilled water | none | 100 | | B | Benedict's solution | harmful irritant | 40 | | R | 8.0% reducing sugar solution | none | 40 | If any solution comes into contact with your skin, wash off immediately under cold water. It is recommended that you wear suitable eye protection. You will need to carry out a serial dilution of the 8.0% reducing sugar solution, R, to reduce the concentration by half between each successive dilution. You will need to prepare four concentrations of reducing sugar in addition to 8.0% reducing sugar solution, R. After the serial dilution is completed, you will need to have 10cm³ of each concentration available to use.