Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. The cells of plants are described as eukaryotic.

1. (a)Complete the passage comparing a bacterial cell with a plant cell. A bacterial cell and a plant cell have a cell wall, but the main component of the bacterial cell wall is ..................................................................... and not cellulose. The same organelle is used for protein synthesis in both cell types, but a bacterial cell only has smaller, 70S, ..................................................................... . A bacterial cell does not have a large ..................................................................... surrounded by a tonoplast.[3]
2. (b)Protoplasts are plant cells that have had their cell walls removed by treatment with enzymes. Scientists often use protoplasts when researching ways to improve the yield of crop plants. Fig. 2.1 is a scanning electron micrograph of protoplasts of cells from the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. [Figure 2.1] Explain why scientists keep the protoplasts in a solution that has the same water potential as the cell.[2]
3. (c)(i)Describe the structure of a cellulose molecule and a cellulose microfibril.[3]
4. (c)(ii)Name one substance that may be added to the network formed by the cellulose microfibrils in the formation of a cell wall.[1]
5. (d)Name the type of plant cell that could have been used to produce the protoplast shown in Fig. 2.2.[1]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.