Globalisation has significant effects on economies worldwide.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme. The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Question 14(a)
2. Award 1 mark for identification of a characteristic (e.g., increased international trade, increased capital flows, increased labour mobility, technological advancement, rise of MNCs, cultural exchange) (K1)
3. Award 1 mark for explanation of the characteristic (App1)
4. Repeat for a second characteristic (K1, App1)
5. Example 1: Increased international trade (K1) / where countries trade more goods and services with each other due to reduced barriers (App1).
6. Example 2: Increased capital flows (K1) / referring to greater movement of money and investment across borders, such as foreign direct investment (FDI) (App1).
7. Question 14(b)
8. Award 1 mark for identification of a benefit of globalisation for developing countries (e.g., increased FDI, technology transfer, access to larger markets, job creation, increased competition, economic growth) (K1)
9. Award up to 3 marks for analysis of the benefit (App1, An1, An1)
10. Repeat for a second benefit, or further analysis of the first (K1, App1, An1, An1)
11. Example of benefit analysis: Increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (K1) / from multinational corporations (MNCs) entering developing countries (App1). This brings in capital, technology, and management expertise (An1), leading to job creation, higher productivity, and economic growth in the host country (An1).
12. Award 1 mark for identification of a cost/limitation of globalisation for developing countries (e.g., exploitation of labour, environmental degradation, increased inequality, loss of domestic industries, cultural erosion, brain drain) (K1)
13. Award up to 3 marks for analysis of the cost/limitation (App1, An1, An1)
14. Example of cost analysis: Potential for exploitation of labour (K1) / as MNCs may seek out countries with weak labour laws and low wages to reduce costs (App1). This can lead to poor working conditions and low pay for workers in developing countries (An1), hindering their social development despite economic growth (An1).
15. Maximum 8 marks for explanation/analysis (4 marks for benefits, 4 marks for costs/limitations). Up to 2 additional marks for effective evaluation/discussion, addressing 'the extent to which' (Eval1, Eval1).
16. Evaluation could include: weighing benefits against costs, considering specific contexts (which developing countries benefited more than others), the role of government policy in mitigating negative effects, the long-term sustainability of benefits, or concluding whether overall benefits outweigh costs or vice versa, with justification.