This question is about the properties of ethanol. Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature. [Figure 5 shows the apparatus used to determine the boiling point of ethanol. Figure 6 shows the displayed formula of two isomers.]

1. (a)(i)Describe how the apparatus shown in Figure 5 should be used to determine the boiling point of ethanol.[3]
2. (a)(ii)Suggest a modification to the apparatus shown in Figure 5 to prevent the ethanol from catching fire during heating.[1]
3. (b)(i)Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid. State the name of the chemical that can be used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.[1]
4. (b)(ii)Give the formula of ethanoic acid.[1]
5. (c)(i)Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol to form an ester. State the name of the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol.[1]
6. (c)(ii)State the name of the catalyst used for this reaction.[1]
7. (d)(i)Figure 6 shows the displayed formula of two isomers. State what is meant by the term isomers.[1]
8. (d)(ii)Name Isomer 1.[1]
9. (d)(iii)Explain why Isomer 1 and Isomer 2 are isomers of each other.[1]

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