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O-LevelPhysicsThermal Physics5054/32 · Oct/Nov 2025 · Q46 Marks

A student investigates the rate of cooling of hot water in a beaker. Plan an experiment to investigate the relationship between the thickness of the cardboard insulation wrapped around the beaker and the rate of cooling of the hot water in the beaker. The apparatus available includes: • a supply of hot water • a beaker • a thermometer • a supply of 1 mm thick cardboard sheets. You are not required to do this experiment. In your plan include: • any other apparatus needed • a brief description of the method, including what you will measure and how you make sure that your measurements are accurate • the variables you will control • a results table to record your measurements (you are not required to enter any readings in the table) • how you will process your results to reach a conclusion.

  1. (a)A student investigates the rate of cooling of hot water in a beaker. Plan an experiment to investigate the relationship between the thickness of the cardboard insulation wrapped around the beaker and the rate of cooling of the hot water in the beaker. The apparatus available includes: • a supply of hot water • a beaker • a thermometer • a supply of 1 mm thick cardboard sheets. You are not required to do this experiment. In your plan include: • any other apparatus needed • a brief description of the method, including what you will measure and how you make sure that your measurements are accurate • the variables you will control • a results table to record your measurements (you are not required to enter any readings in the table) • how you will process your results to reach a conclusion.[6]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

  1. [1] MP1 additional apparatus: stopwatch / stopclock / timer
  2. [1] MP2 method: time hot water cooling
  3. [1] MP3 at least 2 different thicknesses of cardboard used
  4. [1] MP4 control variables: one of:
  5. [1] same initial temperature of the (hot) water
  6. [1] same volume / mass of hot water
  7. [1] over the same range of temperatures
  8. [1] same time of cooling
  9. [1] MP5 table: columns to include: thickness or number of sheets of cardboard, temperature and / or time – all with appropriate units
  10. [1] MP6 processing and conclusion: plot a graph or bar chart of thickness / number / amount of sheets against temperature OR plot a graph or bar chart of thickness / number / amount of sheets against time OR plot a graph or bar chart of thickness / number / amount of sheets against rate of cooling OR use the table / compare the results to see if / how / whether the thickness affects the rate of cooling

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About this question

Topic
Thermal Physics, O-Level Physics (syllabus 5054). Structured question, 6 marks.
Source
O-Level Physics, Oct/Nov 2025 Paper 3 Variant 2, question 4.

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