O-LevelPhysicsKinematics5054/32 · Oct/Nov 2023 · Q46 Marks

A student investigates the average speed of a trolley moving along a horizontal bench. The trolley is placed on a ramp and released from rest. Some of the apparatus used is shown in Fig. 4.1. [Figure 4.1] The stopping distance of the trolley is the distance moved by the trolley from the bottom of the ramp until it comes to rest. Plan an experiment to investigate how the average speed of the trolley along the bench until it comes to rest depends upon its mass. The average speed of the trolley can be calculated using the equation shown. average speed = stopping distance / time You are not required to do this experiment. In your plan you should: • explain briefly how to carry out the investigation, stating any other apparatus needed • state the key variables to keep constant • draw a table with column headings to show how to display the readings (you are not required to enter any readings into the table) • explain how to use your readings to reach a conclusion. [6]

A student investigates the average speed of a trolley moving along a horizontal bench. The trolley is placed on a ramp and released from rest. Some of the apparatus used is shown in Fig. 4.1. [Figure 4.1] The stopping distance of the trolley is the distance moved by the trolley from the bottom of the ramp until it comes to rest. Plan an experiment to investigate how the average speed of the trolley along the bench until it comes to rest depends upon its mass. The average speed of the trolley can be calculated using the equation shown. average speed = stopping distance / time You are not required to do this experiment. In your plan you should: • explain briefly how to carry out the investigation, stating any other apparatus needed • state the key variables to keep constant • draw a table with column headings to show how to display the readings (you are not required to enter any readings into the table) • explain how to use your readings to reach a conclusion. [6][6]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] mention of use of stopwatch and either metre rule / ruler / measuring tape or balance;
[1] measure stopping distance and time taken;
[1] repeat with extra masses(weights) loaded onto the trolley;
[1] one from: ; height of end of ramp above bench / angle of ramp release position on the ramp same trolley
[1] table with columns for mass and distance and time with appropriate units ;
[1] calculate the average speeds and either compare the results to see if / how the mass of the trolley affects the average speed or plot a graph of average speed vs mass

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