An isolated metal sphere of radius r is charged so that the electric potential at its surface is V₀. [Figure 5.1] On Fig. 5.1, sketch the variation with distance x from the centre of the sphere of the electric potential. Your graph should extend from x = 0 to x = 3r. Photons having wavelength λ are incident on a metal surface. The maximum wavelength for which there is emission of electrons is λ₀. For photons of wavelength λ₀/2, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is E_MAX. On [Figure 5.2], sketch the variation with wavelength λ of the maximum kinetic energy for values of wavelength between λ = λ₀/3 and λ = λ₀. A pure sample of a radioactive isotope contains N₀ nuclei. The half-life of the isotope is T½. The product of the radioactive decay is stable. The variation with time t of the number N of nuclei of the radioactive isotope is shown in [Figure 5.3].
- (c)On [Figure 5.3]: • label, on the time axis, the time t = 1.0T½ and the time t = 2.0T½ • sketch the variation with time t of the number of nuclei of the decay product for time t = 0 to time t = T.[3]
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Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [1] from x = 0 to x = r: horizontal line at V = 1.0V₀
- [1] from x = r to x = 3r: curve with negative gradient of decreasing magnitude starting at (r, 1.0V₀)
- [1] line passing through (2r, ½V₀) and (3r, ⅓V₀)
- [1] line with negative gradient from λ = λ₀/3 to λ = λ₀
- [1] line passing through (λ₀, 0)
- [1] curve with negative gradient of decreasing magnitude passing through (½λ₀, E_MAX) and (⅓λ₀, 2E_MAX)
- [1] 1.0T½ shown at ½N₀ and 2.0T½ shown at ¼N₀
- [1] line starting at (0, 0) and reaching (T, N₀–N)
- [1] line starting at (0, 0) and reaching original curve at (1.0T½, ½N₀)
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