Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question. Source A The speeches of Mr Clay may have calmed the passions of the South but it is doubtful whether any of his speeches changed a single vote. Their real service was to gain time for others to work out the details of the Compromise in secret. Mr Clay will still go down in history as the great compromiser, but with this Compromise he did not provide the leadership he has done in the past. His proposals to settle the territorial question and to place all the questions in one comprehensive measure were rejected. The Administration hated him as did some Democrats as they feared the success of his bill would make him president. However, he fought a glorious and patriotic battle. No man was ever governed by higher or purer motives. This Compromise is the work of Mr Douglas. He convinced many Whigs of the need to co-operate. The initial idea was his suggestion. He drew up the California, Utah, and New Mexico bills and collaborated with Pierce and the Whigs in drawing up the Texas bill. All were carried under his leadership. His ability to persuade many to forget their partisan divisions was remarkable. I echo the remark of Mr Jefferson Davis, 'If any man has a right to be proud of the success of these measures, it is the Senator from Illinois'. From a speech by the Democrat Senator for Virginia in the Senate, 16 September 1850. Source B This Compromise has finally passed because Congress responded to the great popular feeling that the Union needed to be protected. The public demanded that the extreme views of the secessionists and the abolitionists be rejected. Mindful of the coming autumn elections, members of Congress voted accordingly. Those who desired compromise were also fortunate that President Taylor died when he did, as President Fillmore was prepared to sign the bills which his predecessor may well have vetoed. From the 'New-York Daily Tribune', 19 October 1850. Source C In 1850 Mr Clay left the peace and quiet of his home to restore peace to our troubled Union. We Democrats all welcomed him as did the whole nation. He was regarded as having been preserved by God for this moment. He became our leader in the great fight, and we rallied round him. His great, and many say his finest, speeches led many away from the road to disunion. While some of the measures he advocated did not pass, the presence of such a man of principle, with his wish for compromise rather than conflict, was vital to the final outcome. We Democrats joined with the Whigs and forgot our old fights as the Union was in danger. We managed to oppose the Abolitionists successfully and united together over the Compromise measures. These measures passed because of the joint actions of our two parties. Stephen Douglas, speaking in one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, 15 October 1858. Source D The driving force behind the Compromise, pushed through Congress against the original convictions of the majority of its members, was revealed in the bill dealing with Texas. This specified that largely worthless bonds which formed the public debt of Texas would be repaid and thus greatly increase in value. Many of those holding the bonds were members of Congress and their supporters. This was probably the first time in our history when a vital measure was passed in Congress because of the financial benefit to members. Congress also knew that the people wanted peace and prosperity. They were reluctant to lose those in a quarrel (as they saw it) over slavery. From 'The American Conflict', a history written by a Northern newspaper publisher and journalist, published in 1864. Answer both parts of the question with reference to the sources.