Study Fig. 1, which shows information about four countries which have a low population density. Country Total population Area (sq. kms) Population density (people per sq. km) Angola 20 609 294 1 246 700 16.5 Australia 22 730 400 7 702 466 3.0 Finland 5 420 030 303 893 17.8 Mongolia 2 736 600 1 564 100 1.7 [Figure 1] Study Fig. 2, which shows information about world population and the extinction of species of plants and animals. Key — number of extinct species of plants and animals --- world population (millions) [Figure 2] is a line graph with 'year' (1800 to 2010) on the x-axis, 'number of extinct species of plants and animals' (0-60000) on the left y-axis, and 'world population (millions)' (0-8000) on the right y-axis.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Mongolia
2. [2] The countries with a large/larger population may have a large/larger land area/it all depends on the size of the country; population and area statistics for two countries
3. [3] Ideas such as: they are areas of desert/there are inadequate water supplies/arid; food cannot be grown/infertile soils/not enough food; they are isolated/remote/poor access; there are few resources; there is little employment/no jobs; temperatures are low for much of year/long winters/short summers; high/steep relief/areas of mountains; areas of dense vegetation/forest, etc.
4. [3] As population increases more species become extinct (1 mark reserved); either: slow increase in both up to 1950;* (1 mark) rapid increase in both since 1950;*(1 mark) or: both start slow and increase more rapidly;* (1 mark) use of statistics for any two years to show relationship from the graph. N.B. No marks for reasoning.
5. [4] Ideas such as: more land needed for homes/farms/industry; there are more people so more vegetation is cleared/deforestation occurs; habitats are lost; breeding patterns disrupted by human activity; more species (or example) are hunted/wiped out for food/medicine; more species are destroyed by water/air pollution or named type such as global warming or acid rain; impact on food chains
6. [5] Ideas such as: people do not have enough natural resources/raw materials; lack of fuel/power (or example such as electricity); lack of work; poverty; inadequate food supplies; starvation/famine; poor access to education; poor access to health care/lack of hospitals; high levels of disease/high death rates; lack of/overcrowded housing/not enough space for housing; people live in squatter settlements; traffic congestion; atmospheric/water pollution causing health problems (or example); inadequate water supply; lack of sanitation, overuse of agricultural land; overgrazing; disputes over agricultural land/places to live, etc. N.B. The focus is on people. Environmental problems would need qualifying in terms of the impact on people. Development is of the problem rather than the reason.
7. [7] Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain distribution of population. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain distribution of population. (N.B. max. 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Relief Accessibility Climate Water supply Employment Natural resources Impact of an extreme event Trade, etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the chosen country/locational detail Population data, etc.