Pure water is a very poor conductor of electricity. However, when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, ions are formed and a current flows during electrolysis. HCl(g) + aq → H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) The overall change after electrolysis is that hydrogen chloride gas is converted into hydrogen and chlorine. 2HCl(g) → H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) When a current of 3.10A is passed through the solution for Y minutes, 351 cm³ of chlorine are produced at the anode, measured under room conditions.

1. (a)Calculate the number of chlorine molecules produced during the electrolysis.[2]
2. (b)Calculate the total number of electrons transferred to produce this number of chlorine molecules.[1]
3. (c)Calculate the quantity of charge, in coulombs, of the total number of electrons calculated in (b).[1]
4. (d)Calculate the time, Y, in minutes, for which the current flows.[1]
5. (e)(i)The standard entropies, S°, of three species are given in the table. species S°/JK⁻¹ mol⁻¹ HCl(g) +187 H₂(g) +131 Cl₂(g) +223 Calculate ∆S° for the reaction 2HCl(g) → H₂(g) + Cl₂(g).[1]
6. (e)(ii)∆H° for the reaction 2HCl(g) → H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) is +185kJmol⁻¹. Calculate ∆G° for this reaction at 298 K.[2]
7. (e)(iii)Predict the effect of increasing temperature on the spontaneity of this reaction. Explain your answer.[1]