A-LevelChemistryOrganic synthesisOct/Nov 2019Paper 5 Q113 Marks
Many organic reactions performed in the laboratory require heating under reflux. 4-nitromethylbenzene can be converted directly to 4-aminobenzaldehyde by heating it under reflux with an excess of solution A. Solution A is an aqueous alkaline mixture of Na₂S•9H₂O and S₈. Ethanol is used as a solvent for the reaction. [Figure showing reaction scheme from 4-nitromethylbenzene to 4-aminobenzaldehyde with solution A] The apparatus for this reaction is shown in the diagram. [Figure showing reflux apparatus with reflux condenser, round-bottomed flask, tap funnel, solution A, 4-nitromethylbenzene dissolved in ethanol]
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