A bacterial pathogen produces a protein that acts as a toxin. This toxin is harmful to humans. Scientists are developing monoclonal antibodies that can be used to detect the presence of the toxin in the body so that early treatment can be given. Which statements describe steps in the development of these monoclonal antibodies? 1 The toxin protein is injected into a mouse and triggers mitosis of specific B-lymphocytes. 2 Antibodies are collected from the spleen of the mouse and fused with myeloma cells. 3 A hybridoma cell produces many antibodies with a variety of different variable regions.

Why does the white blood cell count increase in people with leukaemia?

Where are antibodies found during an immune response? [Table with locations: on the surface of pathogens, on the surf…

People with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis can have a treatment to relieve the symptoms. In this treatment,…

How many times must a molecule of carbon monoxide pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from an air spa…

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A person with emphysema has difficulties in brea…

Which factors contribute to outbreaks of measles after natural disasters? 1 contamination of drinking water with unt…