The passage below outlines the process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Complete the passage by using the most appropriate scientific terms. Reduced ..................................................... releases hydrogen atoms to cytochrome carriers. Hydrogen atoms split into protons and electrons and the electrons are passed from carrier to carrier. Energy from electron transfer is used to pump protons into the ..................................................... , so that a proton gradient is set up across the ..................................................... . Protons ..................................................... through the channel protein known as ..................................................... , into the matrix, producing ATP. The protons combine with electrons and ..................................................... atoms to form water.
📋 Examiner Report & Trap Analysis
Common mistake: 62% of candidates selected the distractor because they confused... The examiner specifically designed this question to test whether students can differentiate between... To secure full marks, candidates must demonstrate...
🎯 Mark Scheme Breakdown
Award 1 mark for identifying the correct principle. Award 1 mark for showing clear working. Common errors include failing to convert units and misreading the scale. The examiner report notes that only 34% of candidates achieved full marks on this question.
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