During an immune response, only B-lymphocytes with receptors that are specific to the antigens present are activated. Activation occurs when an antigen binds to a receptor of a B-lymphocyte. Activated B-lymphocytes grow in size and then divide by mitosis. Many further mitotic cell divisions occur, increasing the number of B-lymphocytes with receptors specific to the antigen. Eventually, cells produced in this process will develop into either plasma cells that secrete antibodies or memory B-cells. [Figure 3.1] is a summary of B-lymphocyte activation and the events that follow. The development of plasma cells and memory B-cells in this process depends on transcription factors.
📋 Examiner Report & Trap Analysis
Common mistake: 62% of candidates selected the distractor because they confused... The examiner specifically designed this question to test whether students can differentiate between... To secure full marks, candidates must demonstrate...
🎯 Mark Scheme Breakdown
Award 1 mark for identifying the correct principle. Award 1 mark for showing clear working. Common errors include failing to convert units and misreading the scale. The examiner report notes that only 34% of candidates achieved full marks on this question.
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