Scientists have invented a way of producing food by artificial photosynthesis. • Solar panels convert sunlight energy into electricity. • The electricity powers an electrolysis reaction between carbon dioxide gas and water to form the organic product acetate. • The single-celled alga Chlamydomonas, a protoctist, can use acetate to grow and reproduce in the dark, instead of photosynthesising in the light. • The algae can be processed to make a food product. Fig. 4.1 shows an outline of the artificial photosynthesis process. [Figure 4.1]

1. (a)Identify three similarities between the artificial photosynthesis process shown in Fig. 4.1 and the normal process of photosynthesis.[3]
2. (b)Fig. 4.2 shows the single-celled alga Chlamydomonas. It contains a large, cup-shaped chloroplast for photosynthesis. [Figure 4.2] Structures A and B in Fig. 4.2 are found within the chloroplast. Name structures A and B. A ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ B ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[2]
3. (c)(i)Thylakoid membranes are the site of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis. Name the products of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.[1]
4. (c)(ii)Some of the protein components of the thylakoid membrane have a role in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis. Explain the roles of the different proteins that function in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.[4]
5. (d)The products of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle. Calvin cycle intermediates are used to produce amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Name the Calvin cycle intermediate that can be used to produce starch.[1]
6. (e)Scientists claim that the artificial photosynthesis process shown in Fig. 4.1 is more efficient at converting light energy into food than normal photosynthesis by crop plants. Give reasons why this claim may or may not be true. true ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ not true ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[3]

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