The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only vaccine used to provide protection against the infectious bacterial disease tuberculosis (TB). Most countries of the world have a BCG vaccination programme. Countries are classified by the World Bank into one of four income groups. Table 3.1 shows the estimated incidence of TB for 2012 to 2016 for these income groups. The incidence represents the number of new cases of TB occurring per 100000 people in one year. The new cases include the number of cases that have occurred again after a period of recovery (relapse TB).
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